Distribution and Extinction Patterns within a Northern Metapopulation of the Pool Frog, Rana Lessonae'
نویسنده
چکیده
The distribution and extinction patterns within a northern metapopulation of the pool frog (Rana lessonae) were analyzed with reference to metapopulation theory. Occupied ponds were permanent and differed from unoccupied ones in terms of higher water temperature during May-June and a closer proximity to neighboring pool-frog localities. but local climate was not spatially autocorrelated. Two types of population extinctions occurred (average rate = 2% per population and year): ( I ) deterministic extinctions due to succession or draining of pool-frog ponds, and (2) extinctions of populations whose isolation had increased to a critical degree because of Type 1 extinctions of neighboring populations. increasing their susceptibility to predation and combined demographidenvironmental stochasticity. The Type 2 extinctions were spatially correlated to a moderate degree, which may reflect the great impact of environmental stochasticity in the system. The results confirm and emphasize the importance of interpopulation proximity and connectivity for metapopulation persistence.
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